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Reading Assessment Guides

Clear explanations of the scores behind our tools, with worked examples, norm tables and scoring rules you can use tomorrow morning.

How to Calculate WCPM

Step-by-step scoring for a timed fluency read, with error rules and grade-level norms.

What independent, instructional and frustration levels mean, plus an error-rate conversion chart.

How to work out the SC ratio, what a good ratio looks like, and prompts that build self-monitoring.

Where the formula comes from, how to calculate it by hand, and what it cannot tell you.

Oral reading fluency norms for Grades 1 to 6 and adult reading speeds, in one place.